Harare High Court - 2004 February

25 judgments
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25 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
February 2004
Appellant failed to show a bona fide right of occupation or jurisdictional bar; approved cession vested ejectment rights and appeal dismissed.
Ejectment — jurisdiction of magistrates' court — bona fide dispute as to right of occupation — 'clear value to the occupier' threshold — effect of cession and municipal approval — amendment of pleadings in magistrates' court — leave to execute pending appeal.
24 February 2004
Urgent eviction application dismissed because contractual ambiguity and disputes of fact required ordinary litigation, not urgency.
Urgency — eviction proceedings — lease interpretation — conflict between Heads of Agreement and subsequent Lease Agreement — ‘entire agreement’ clause — disputes of fact precluding urgent relief.
24 February 2004
Sale in execution set aside where a joint‑owner’s share was wrongfully attached and sold without required attachment procedures.
Civil procedure — Sale in execution — Attachment of immovable property — Joint ownership — Messenger’s duties under Magistrate’s Court Rules (Order 26) — Requirement to obtain title documents and ascertain prior claims — Bona fide purchaser cannot cure a void attachment — Sale set aside as nullity.
24 February 2004
A statutory suspension under s54(2) permits an interdict to stop a mayor performing mayoral functions; court refused to review suspension absent proper challenge.
Administrative law; Urban Councils Act s54(2) — suspension of mayor; statutory prohibition on performing mayoral functions during suspension; interdictory relief — requirements (clear right, injury, absence of alternate remedy); court will not adjudicate lawfulness of suspension where not pleaded.
24 February 2004
Second purchaser had knowledge of an earlier sale; second sale cancelled and title ceded to the first purchaser.
Property law – double sale of immovable property – bona fide purchaser for value without notice – constructive/actual knowledge – application of Crundell Brothers v Lazarus test – cancellation of second sale and cession to first purchaser.
24 February 2004
Conviction for exhibiting 'similar' sculptures quashed: copyright protects expression not ideas, and prosecution failed to prove reproduction or accused's knowledge.
Copyright — protection of expression not ideas — requirement of reproduction of existing material — s 27(1)(e) offence elements: subsistence of copyright, exhibition by way of trade, knowledge of infringing nature — insufficiency of inscriptions/possession to prove infringement or knowledge — appellate intervention for misdirection.
24 February 2004
Corruption conviction of a police officer upheld where accused failed to rebut prosecution evidence; appeal dismissed.
Prevention of Corruption Act – solicitation/acceptance of bribe by police officer – accomplice evidence – onus on accused in corruption charge to disprove offence on balance of probabilities – appellate review of credibility findings.
24 February 2004
Applicant's appeal against rape convictions and sentence dismissed due to reliable identification and corroborative medical evidence.
Criminal appeal – identification evidence – rape of a child – reliability of identification where complainant knew accused – medical corroboration of penetration – sentence appropriateness.
24 February 2004
Bail refused where prior evasion and possession of allegedly stolen vehicle created a real risk of absconding.
Criminal procedure – Bail – Likelihood to abscond – Possession of allegedly stolen vehicle and prior evasion of police as indicators of flight risk – Applicant’s willingness to abide conditions insufficient where prior conduct shows deliberate evasion.
24 February 2004
Appellate court reduced sentence for fraud due to mitigation but upheld full restitution absent proof of a co-offender.
Criminal law — Sentencing for fraud — Mitigation (first offender, guilty plea, assistance in recovery) — Reduction and suspension of sentence — Restitution — Allegation of co-offender; ipse dixit insufficient to avoid full restitution.
24 February 2004
Condonation for late heads refused and substantive claim dismissed because applicant failed to rebut price-adjustment clause and offered inadequate explanation.
Civil procedure – condonation for non-compliance – late filing of heads of argument – factors: degree of non-compliance, explanation, prospects of success – failure to file answering affidavit – evidential consequence of uncontroverted allegations – contractual price-adjustment clause on reverse of quotation – refusal of condonation and dismissal of substantive application.
24 February 2004
Court granted leave to execute a consent eviction order pending appeal due to risk of irreparable loss and alleged illegality.
Civil procedure – leave to execute judgment pending appeal – factors: irreparable harm, prospects of success on appeal, prevention of illegality, consent judgment – eviction and restoration of possession.
17 February 2004
Court varied matrimonial property division to equal shares under parties' agreement despite a defectively framed notice of appeal.
Family law – divorce – division of matrimonial property – notice of appeal requirements (Order 31, Rule 2(4) Magistrate’s Court Rules) – defective notice limits appellate scrutiny – parties’ agreement to equal division accepted – order varied to 50/50.
17 February 2004
Applicant failed to prove a prima facie right to interim relief; absence of evidence of acquiring authority approval fatal to application.
Land law – Interdict – prima facie right required for interim relief – Land Acquisition Act s9 – effect of section 8 orders – urgency and procedural compliance – necessity of proving acquiring authority’s approval/authority to remain in occupation.
17 February 2004
Application dismissed where pledge amounted to pactum commissorium and applicant sold pledged goods without accounting.
Contract law — pledge — pactum commissorium — illegality and unenforceability; contractual penalties — Contractual Penalties Act s4 — court may reduce or refuse oppressive penalties; in de plume rule (interest cannot exceed capital); summary sale without notice and failure to account for proceeds.
17 February 2004
Court reduced an excessive custodial sentence for planned employee theft, considering restitution paid and complainant's wish against imprisonment.
Criminal law — Sentence — Whether custodial sentence excessive; restitution quantification; premeditation in employee theft; weight of complainant's preference against imprisonment.
17 February 2004
An appeal does not revive a discharged provisional order; spoliation justified interim restoration of possession pending appeal.
Spoliation (mandamus van spolie) — interim relief to restore possession; interim/provisional orders — discharge and effect of noting an appeal; self-help prohibited; locus standi of suspended employees to seek spoliation.
17 February 2004
Regulations under Presidential Powers validly amended s32, removing bail jurisdiction for specified offences; bail application dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Bail – Remand under s32 Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act as amended – Presidential Powers (Temporary Measures) Regulations validly amending Acts – Peremptory restriction on grant of bail for offences in Third Schedule – Prevail over inconsistent law.
14 February 2004
An uncondoned, defective appeal does not automatically suspend enforcement of the trial court’s orders.
Civil procedure – effect of noting an appeal – automatic stay of execution is a rule of practice subject to court discretion; defective or out-of-time appeals do not suspend execution. Property/land – occupation after eviction and where statutory acquisition declared invalid – no lawful basis for occupation. Contempt and enforcement – trial court may order its judgments to have effect despite appeal.
10 February 2004
Applicant’s gross negligence and abandonment of its rescission application justified refusal to rescind default judgment.
Civil procedure – Rescission of default judgment – Rule 43/63 test – reasonable explanation and bona fide defence; gross negligence/wilful default; failure to prosecute application; costs awarded.
10 February 2004
Whether the plaintiff’s claim for lease repair costs constitutes a liquidated demand permitting default judgment.
Default judgment; liquidated demand; conditional liability under lease; contingent event; proof of quantum; Order 9 r57/r59/r60; unopposed roll.
10 February 2004
Whether the seller validly cancelled a sale agreement where the notice failed the contractual cure requirement and the buyer had performed deposit obligations.
Contract law — Agreement of Sale; validity of notice of cancellation — contractual cure period (clause 11, 60 days); performance by conduct (vehicle in lieu of deposit); role of estate agent in receipt/disbursement of payments; interpretation of instalment frequency (annual vs monthly); declaration that purported cancellation void.
10 February 2004
Conviction set aside where identification was unsafe due to trauma and inadequate proof of identification circumstances.
Criminal law — Identification evidence — Caution in reliance on single-witness identification — Surrounding circumstances must exclude risk of mistaken identity; sincerity insufficient.
10 February 2004
Magistrate should have recused herself; revocation of the applicant’s bail under s126 was unlawful as no new facts existed.
Criminal procedure — Bail — Recusal for reasonable apprehension of bias where judicial officer was questioned by police — s126 Criminal Procedure & Evidence Act — requirement of 'facts which were not before the magistrate who granted bail' — invocation of s126 only where genuinely new facts exist — gross irregularity and review — revocation of bail nullity.
3 February 2004
Regulations purporting to amend a telecom licence without statutorily required notice and hearing are invalid.
Administrative law – statutory instruments – amendment of existing licences – mandatory compliance with statutory procedure (s42 Postal and Telecommunications Act; reg 11) – audi alteram partem – invalidity of regulations to extent they purport to amend licences.
2 February 2004