Harare High Court - 2010 October

31 judgments
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31 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
October 2010
Children’s court lacked jurisdiction to appoint guardians where a natural parent may exist; such appointments are nullities and are set aside.
Guardianship of minors – Section 9 Guardianship of Minors Act – children’s court jurisdiction limited to minors with no natural guardian or tutor testamentary – High Court as upper guardian; requirement for written reasons in juvenile court records; appointments made without jurisdiction are nullities and liable to be set aside
28 October 2010
Failure to substitute and serve the deceased seller’s estate barred default judgment; bona fide purchaser prevailed under Titles Registration Act.
Death of a party — effect on legal practitioner’s mandate and service; substitution under r 85A — service requirements; default judgment — necessity of valid service on estate; Titles Registration and Derelict Lands Act s 3 — service by advertisement and relief; bona fide purchaser for value and long possession; court’s discretion to order registration and authorize deputy sheriff to sign cession
28 October 2010
The claimant is entitled to receive percentage-based estate fees in the currency the estate account was lodged (United States dollars).
Estate administration — curator and executor remuneration — percentage-based awards — taxation by Master — multi-currency regime — payment in currency of lodged estate account (S.I.54/07; Admin of Estates Act ss 56, 96).
27 October 2010
Decree of divorce granted; mother awarded custody and maintenance; court apportioned matrimonial assets, excluding company and third‑party registered assets.
Family law – divorce – irretrievable breakdown; custody of minor children; maintenance – quantum and payment terms; division of matrimonial property – contributions, company-owned assets, assets registered in third parties’ names; reliability of disputed documentary evidence; costs where parties lack candour.
27 October 2010
Court apportioned liability (70%/30%) where unsecured cargo and an overhanging excavator caused a fatal road accident.
Road traffic accident — negligence in securing loads — abnormal/overhanging load — permit conditions, escort and beacon requirements — causation and common‑sense apportionment of blame — contributory negligence — damages and interest (5%); refusal of Z$ funeral claim due to dollarisation
26 October 2010
Estate agent was a stakeholder, plaintiff failed to prove payment to seller, claim dismissed with costs.
Agency of estate agent — stakeholder versus vendor’s mandatary; acceptance of deposit not proof of authority to conclude sale or pay vendor; necessity of proof of payment to vendor; validity of contract variation and cession consent
26 October 2010
Cancellation for non-payment upheld; tenant’s set-off and oral variation claims rejected; no referral to trial.
Lease law – non-payment of rent – cancellation under clause providing alternative grounds – set-off claim defeated by express allocation of repair obligations and entire agreement clause – parole evidence rule – motion proceedings; no trial required.
26 October 2010
The applicant's property claim was dismissed as prescribed because summons was issued after the three-year prescription period.
Prescription Act (Cap. 8:11) — prescription of actions for transfer/cession of immovable property — s15 three‑year prescription period; s16 commencement when debt due; s7 interruption by process must occur before prescription elapses.
26 October 2010
Respondents held in contempt for wilful non-compliance with order to deliver 47,500 litres of fuel; corporate fined.
Contempt of court – ad factum praestandum – failure to deliver goods – mens rea/wilfulness required for contempt – Nulla Bona return not a per se excuse – corporate contemnor cannot be imprisoned; fine and suspended custodial sentences imposed.
26 October 2010
Court ruled re‑indictment and committal valid until set aside and refused indefinite postponement of trial pending unprosecuted appeal.
Criminal procedure — Re‑indictment after dismissal for want of prosecution — ss321, 322 and s160(2) — Effect of irregularities in indictment on High Court trial — s65(i)(v) — Postponement pending appeal — finality of proceedings.
26 October 2010
Whether re‑indictment under s65/66 permits trial despite alleged procedural irregularities and a pending appeal.
Criminal procedure – Treason – Re‑indictment under s 65 read with s 66 – Effect of ss 321/322 on re‑indictment – s 66 renders irregularities in bringing accused to High Court nugatory – s160(2) six‑month committal period – stay pending appeal – dominus litis – judge‑shopping.
26 October 2010
The applicant failed to prove that the respondent instituted disciplinary proceedings maliciously or without reasonable and probable cause.
Delict — malicious proceedings/malicious prosecution — requirement of absence of reasonable and probable cause and malice; vicarious liability for improper modes of performing authorised duties; disciplinary procedure and compliance with National Employment Code; arbitral award setting aside internal finding on procedural defects
25 October 2010
An agent acting under an unrestricted power of attorney lacked locus standi where the executor abdicated duties without Master’s approval under s 28; eviction application dismissed.
Administration of estates – executor’s powers – special power of attorney – delegation versus abdication – requirement for Master’s approval under s 28 for assumption of executorship; Civil procedure – locus standi – standing to prosecute estate claims; Res judicata – prior dismissal for lack of jurisdiction does not bar fresh proceedings on merits
20 October 2010
Divorce award of a 50% share without registration does not create a real right binding third‑party purchasers.
Family/matrimonial property — award of monetary or share interest on divorce does not create a proprietary right against third parties absent registration; personal rights inter se — purchaser for value without notice not bound; procedural non‑compliance of counter‑claim (Order 18 r 121(1)).
20 October 2010
Appellate court treated related stock-theft counts as one, rejected "special circumstances" and reduced an excessive 45-year term to 18 years (5 suspended).
Criminal law – Stock theft – multiple counts forming a continuing criminal enterprise – counts to be treated collectively for sentence; mandatory minimum sentence – "special circumstances" required to avoid minimum; manifestly excessive sentence – appellate substitution of globular sentence.
20 October 2010
Court allowed amendment, pierced corporate veil for diversion of funds, denied specific performance and awarded USD damages.
Amendment of pleadings – court’s wide discretion; irregular notice allowed where no prejudice and not mala fide – Contract interpretation – parol evidence and absence of term making performance conditional on foreign currency allocation – Corporate veil – lifting where company is alter ego and funds diverted – Specific performance – impossibility where goods discontinued – Damages – market substitute valuation in foreign currency
19 October 2010
Applicant’s spoliation claim dismissed as an improper attempt to vary an extant High Court provisional interdict.
Civil procedure — mandament van spolie — urgency — provisional/interim interdict — functus officio — a judge cannot vary or nullify a prior High Court order of a judge of parallel jurisdiction
19 October 2010
Registration of arbitral award granted; appeal not suspensive and public-policy defence narrowly applied.
Labour law; registration of arbitral awards (s98(14)); s92E – appeal does not suspend award; public policy defence narrowly construed; merits of arbitrator’s decision not examinable on registration absent palpable inequity.
19 October 2010
Magistrate may order and execute eviction under s 3(5) despite an appeal if satisfied the appeal is frivolous or for delay.
Administrative and criminal procedure — Gazetted Land (Consequential Provisions) Act s 3(5) — Magistrates’ court jurisdiction to issue and execute eviction orders — s 40(3) Magistrates Court Act — execution pending appeal where appeal frivolous or for delay — functus officio — monetary jurisdiction not limiting s 3(5) evictions
12 October 2010
Assessment of loss of support where income records were incomplete; court estimated future earnings and discounted for contingencies.
Damages — fatal injury — assessment of loss of support in absence of full income records — use of estimates/‘plucking a figure’ — components: poultry profits, tobacco income, property development profits — contingency discount — claim for repair costs dismissed for failure to prove quantum
12 October 2010
Application to stay execution based on alleged local-currency payment dismissed; debt held still owing and costs awarded.
Execution of judgment – stay of execution – allegation of payment in local currency to discharge foreign currency judgment – conversion principles – verification by Sheriff – forged supporting document undermining claim – onus and balance of probabilities – dismissal and costs.
12 October 2010
Bail refused: strong State case and high abscondment risk outweighed delay and personal ties.
Bail — armed robbery — likelihood of abscondment — strength of State case (accomplices' statements and possession of victim’s property) — inordinate delay not determinative.
12 October 2010
Stay granted of an ex parte interim order that displaced elected union leadership and directed police to arrest without discretion, pending appeal and trial.
Civil procedure – ex parte interim order – stay of execution pending appeal – enforcement by contempt while disputes of fact referred to trial – orders directing police to arrest and effect on statutory discretion and constitutional rights – union leadership disputes and bank account access
11 October 2010
An arbitral award may be registered as a High Court order despite a pending appeal unless suspended or set aside.
Labour law – registration of arbitral awards – s 98(14) Labour Act – registration permissible despite pending appeal unless award suspended or set aside – enforcement of award; reinstatement and back pay; stay of execution to be sought in Labour Court.
6 October 2010
Disputed customary succession and appointment require trial evidence; review on affidavits inappropriate; papers converted to pleadings.
Customary law — succession to chieftainship — disputed facts regarding age, eligibility and nomination — review inappropriate where viva voce evidence required — matter referred to trial; papers converted to pleadings; costs in the cause; Traditional Leaders Act compliance.
6 October 2010
Applicant lacked locus to obtain spoliation/eviction against lawful occupants of gazetted State land; material disputes of fact required oral evidence.
Land law – Spoliation – possession versus title; Constitutional Amendment No.17/Schedule 7 effect on status of land; locus standi to seek eviction from gazetted State land; urgent chamber applications inappropriate where serious disputes of fact require oral evidence
5 October 2010
Leave to execute pending appeal refused where divergent authorities gave respondent realistic prospects of success and balance of convenience favored stay of possession.
Spoliation (mandament van spolie) – unlawful occupation as defence – divergent High Court authorities – leave to execute pending appeal – prospects of success and balance of convenience; Land acquisition – s16B & Schedule 7 vesting title in State – relevance to spoliation proceedings
5 October 2010
Convicted sodomy applicant granted bail pending appeal because the appeal was reasonably arguable on credibility and evidential deficiencies.
Criminal law — Bail pending appeal — Guiding principles: prospects of success, risk of absconding, delay, right to liberty — Appeal reasonably arguable due to credibility issues, non-production/washing of exhibit, delayed medical exam, inadequate exploration of possible motive — Bail granted.
5 October 2010
Applicant failed to show changed circumstances after prior bail refusal; delay by registrar insufficient to justify release.
Criminal procedure – bail pending trial – requirement to show material change after earlier refusal; seriousness of sexual offences and protection of minors; registry delay insufficient to warrant bail.
5 October 2010
Applicant failed to prove respondent's wilful contempt amid competing mining and land-rights and insufficient evidentiary record.
Contempt of court — wilful defiance required for contempt — interplay between mining permits and judicial interdicts — pending rescission application does not automatically suspend an order — evidentiary insufficiency where maps/ministerial affidavits absent
4 October 2010
Registration of a labour arbitral award is procedural and must be granted unless stayed or set aside.
Labour law – Registration of arbitral awards under s 98(14) Labour Act – registration procedural and for enforcement – noting an appeal does not suspend award – requirements for registration: competent arbitrator, award in money, extant award, parties identified, arbitrator's certificate.
4 October 2010