Harare High Court - 2014 April

29 judgments
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29 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2014
Court dismissed attempt to enforce a principal‑debtor judgment against non‑party guarantors for lack of proper procedural process.
Civil procedure – enforcement of judgment – attempted enforcement of judgment against surety/co‑principal debtor who was not party to original suit – procedural form required – right to be heard (audi alteram partem) – no automatic liability of guarantor on principal debtor’s judgment.
29 April 2014
Summary judgment granted for admitted debt and agreed 50% interest; respondent failed to raise a bona fide defence.
Summary judgment – bona fide defence required – defendant must allege facts that, if proved, would succeed; Acknowledgement of debt enforceable – characterization as contract immaterial; Agreed high interest rate upheld where signed; Rule 73 – partie of claim may be abandoned or referred to trial; Costs on legal practitioner-client scale and collection commission.
29 April 2014
Rescission of a judgment does not automatically invalidate a confirmed sale in execution; equities may protect a bona fide purchaser.
Sale in execution; rescission of judgment; bona fide purchaser; balance of equities; jurisdiction to challenge magistrate's judgment; remedy for wrongful execution.
29 April 2014
Administrative authority was functus officio; failure to afford audi and unjustified departure from s 3(1) rendered cancellation invalid.
Administrative law – functus officio – official communication of decision; Administrative Justice Act s 3(1) – right to be heard; s 3(3)(b) – exceptions and reasonableness; s 4 relief; cession/assignment of municipal property; validity of administrative revocation.
29 April 2014
Sale by heir under customary succession upheld; subsequent re-registration and transfer of estate declared null and void.
Succession and estate administration – customary succession under s 68(2) Administration of Estates Act – eldest son as heir with personal capacity to inherit – restricted letters of administration concluding winding up – validity of sale by heir – nullity of subsequent re-registration and transfer – eviction counterclaim dismissed.
29 April 2014
Municipal authority may not summarily disconnect water without court process; by‑law provision permitting such discretion is ultra vires.
Administrative law – Municipal by‑laws – Ultra vires conduct – Disconnection of water; Constitutional right to water (s 77) – Protection against summary deprivation; Separation of powers – Courts’ exclusive role to determine disputes; Spoliation/interdict – Restoration of possession and interim protection; Contempt of court – Defiance of court order.
29 April 2014
Court registered arbitral awards, dismissing bias and public-policy challenges and awarding higher-scale costs to the applicant.
Arbitration — Registration of arbitral awards (Article 35) — Refusal/set-aside limited to public policy breaches — Public policy test restrictive — Alleged arbitrator bias assessed by objective reasonable-bystander test — Finality of arbitration; court interference only for gross irregularity or failure of justice — Costs awarded on a higher scale.
29 April 2014
Court declared vehicle sale unlawful; buyer failed to prove genuine purchase, applicant retained ownership.
Sale of vehicle — handwritten swap-and-top-up agreement — validity of sale — onus to prove genuine transfer — inadmissible hearsay — defaulting seller — declaration of ownership; costs.
27 April 2014
Bail refused where strong identification, recovered property and gravity of aggravated robbery create significant flight risk.
Bail — s 117 CPEA — factors: ties to jurisdiction, gravity of offence, strength of prosecution, likelihood to abscond, interference with witnesses, public confidence — admissibility of hearsay in bail proceedings — positive identification and recovered property weigh against bail.
27 April 2014
A stay of execution cannot be granted pending an unfiled rescission; security de restituendo must be provided per Order 4 rr 31–32.
Civil procedure — Urgent chamber application — Urgency must not be self-created — Stay of execution cannot be granted pending an unfiled rescission application — Order 4 rr 31–32 High Court Rules — security de restituendo — Registrar’s power to fix/require security — inappropriate use of counter urgent chamber application to challenge Registrar’s decision.
27 April 2014
Appellants failed to show the trial court misdirected itself in denying bail; appeal dismissed.
Criminal procedure – Bail pending trial – s 117 factors (ties to place of trial; assets; travel documents; strength of State case; nature and gravity of offence) – Appellate review of magistrate’s discretion – No misdirection where accused were heard and relevant considerations were addressed.
24 April 2014
Bail denied where strong prosecution case, material discrepancies and weak local ties created a real risk of abscondment.
Criminal procedure – bail pending trial – s 117 factors – foreign national with weak local ties – strength of prosecution case and severity of penalty – risk of abscondment v. risk of witness interference.
24 April 2014
High Court ordered employer to continue paying salary pending lawful finalisation of retrenchment, finding termination not yet effective.
Labour law – retrenchment – effective date of termination – employer must agree retrenchment package or have it determined before termination is effective; Civil procedure – High Court jurisdiction – High Court may grant interdicts in labour-related civil disputes where Labour Court lacks statutory power; Interim relief – entitlement to salary and benefits pending lawful retrenchment.
23 April 2014
Applicant, lacking means, awarded US$5,000 contribution and client-attorney costs as respondent could afford payment.
Family law – Divorce – Contribution towards legal costs under Order 35 r 274(1) – Requirements: subsisting marriage, matrimonial action, reasonable prospects, applicant’s lack of means and respondent’s ability to pay – Costs on client-attorney scale in exceptional circumstances.
16 April 2014
Court held university’s post‑graduation downgrading of awards irrational, breached contract, ordered re‑designation and re‑issuance of postgraduate diplomas.
Administrative law — Review of academic/administrative action — Wednesbury unreasonableness — University powers not immune from review — Declaration and re‑issuance of academic awards — Substitution of administrative decision in exceptional circumstances — Breach of contract by downgrading awards.
16 April 2014
Applicant cannot avoid binding fee awards by attacking void appointment; exceptional costs awarded for abuse of process.
Succession law – executor/curator appointment void but fees awarded – enforceability of prior court orders – abuse of court process – costs de bonis propriis and attorney-and-client scale.
16 April 2014
Court set aside an administrator’s refusal to grant leave to sue under s 6(b), finding it unreasonable and granting leave.
Reconstruction Act s 6(b) – leave to sue – Administrative Justice Act s 3(1)(a) – reasonableness and fairness of administrative decisions – judicial review – substitution of administrative decision in exceptional circumstances – post-reconstruction commercial loans – access to courts (constitutional challenge not decided).
15 April 2014
An urgent stay of execution was dismissed as premature and self-created because no appeal or rescission had been filed.
Civil procedure – Urgent chamber application – Stay of execution pending appeal – Relief premature where no appeal or rescission filed – Self-created urgency and material non-disclosure; dismissal with costs.
15 April 2014
Setting aside of arbitral award: indivisible building and equal land contributions made 70/30 rental apportionment contrary to public policy.
Arbitration — setting aside award for public policy — Arbitration Act art 34(2)(b)(ii) — receipt of award for limitation purposes — indivisible building on contiguous stands — partnership/co‑ownership contribution — palpable inequity.
15 April 2014
Bail pending appeal granted where the applicant lacks prospects on conviction but has arguable prospects on sentence regarding special circumstances.
Criminal law – stock theft – guilty plea – plea tendered by accused with counsel's confirmation – mandatory minimum sentence – 'special circumstances' as discretionary value judgment – prospects of appeal limited to sentence – bail pending appeal.
13 April 2014
The High Court lacks jurisdiction to hear matters committed exclusively to the Electoral Court by statute.
Electoral law — jurisdiction — s 161(2) Electoral Act confers exclusive jurisdiction on Electoral Court; Constitutional ss 162 and 174 permit creation and conferral of jurisdiction on other courts; High Court’s general original jurisdiction does not override legislatively conferred exclusive jurisdiction.
9 April 2014
Delay and self-created urgency precluded urgent relief and a stay of execution where rescission and condonation were not sought.
Civil procedure — Urgency — Self-created urgency — Default judgment and execution — Rescission and condonation — Interim stay of execution.
9 April 2014
Registered title prevails; bona fide purchaser entitled to ejectment absent convincing, recorded family claim.
Property law – Presumption of ownership in registered title – Rebuttal requires cogent corroborated evidence; Estate administration – Master’s consent and absence of proved objection; Bona fide purchaser – protection of purchaser who lacked knowledge of dispute; Ejectment – purchaser’s right to possession; Capacity – representation of minor on power of attorney.
9 April 2014
Bail pending automatic review refused where applicant failed to plead grounds of review or show prospects of success.
Criminal procedure — Bail pending automatic review — Distinction between review and appeal — Grounds of review: absence of jurisdiction, bias, gross irregularity — Applicant must show prospects of success and not prejudice administration of justice.
9 April 2014
Court interdicted disciplinary hearings pending resolution of civil vindication over disputed vehicle ownership.
Civil procedure/Employment law – interim prohibitory interdict – disciplinary proceedings used to achieve vindication of ownership – mala fides and delay – High Court jurisdiction to restrain internal disciplinary hearings pending civil vindication.
8 April 2014
Applicant entitled to mandament van spolie where sheriff completed eviction after being notified of a noted appeal, including changing keys.
Spoliation (mandament van spolie) — Appeal suspends execution — Sheriff’s duties — Completion of execution includes securing premises (changing keys) — Interim restoration of status quo ante.
8 April 2014
A stay of execution granted where the Labour Court rescinded the underlying judgment; attachment alone did not preclude relief.
Civil procedure — Stay of execution pending related labour proceedings — Effect of rescission of underlying judgment on registered writ — Attachment vs completion of execution — Urgent chamber relief — Costs on attorney-and-client scale for misleading affidavits and counsel's contempts.
7 April 2014
Bail pending appeal refused where strong evidence of participation and negligible prospects of success risked undermining the administration of justice.
Criminal law – Bail pending appeal after conviction – Factors: prospects of success on appeal and interests of justice (risk of abscondment) – Post-conviction presumption of innocence falls away – Factual findings of participation difficult to overturn.
7 April 2014
Applicant's year‑long delay and lack of reviewable grounds led to dismissal of condonation for review with costs.
Administrative law — Condonation for late review — factors: length of delay, reasons, prospects of success, prejudice — bare assertions insufficient — review versus appeal — disciplinary expulsion.
1 April 2014