Harare High Court - 2025 February

72 judgments
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72 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
February 2025
Referral to trial appropriate where affidavits disclose material disputes over alleged forgery and authenticity of powers of attorney.
Civil procedure – motion vs action – material disputes of fact – allegations of forgery/fraud – authenticity and notarisation of powers of attorney – when to refer to trial for oral evidence.
28 February 2025
Default judgment rescinded because an interested party was not served; recognition of foreign orders requires proper service under court rules.
Recognition of foreign judgments – registration of Namibian liquidation orders – requirement to serve all interested parties under r 59(2) – rescission of default judgment obtained in absence of interested party.
28 February 2025
Appeal dismissed: fraud conviction and sentence upheld; restitution corrected to US$6,000 and frozen funds released to the complainant.
Criminal law – Fraud — Misrepresentation inducing payment; Appeal — deference to trial court credibility findings and limits of appellate disturbance; Sentence — review for patent error; Restitution and release of frozen bank funds.
27 February 2025
27 February 2025
27 February 2025
Eviction hearing postponed pending related application; respondent ordered to pay applicant's wasted costs.
Civil procedure – postponement – discretionary relief requiring good cause – avoidance of multiplicity of proceedings – order for wasted costs.
27 February 2025
Default judgment set aside for defective service and because the applicant showed good cause, bona fides, and prospects of success.
Civil procedure – rescission of default judgment – service of process – defective return of service (wrong case number and disputed address) – good and sufficient cause: reasonable explanation for default, bona fides, and prospects of defence – preliminary points of contempt, misjoinder and procedural misquotation dismissed.
27 February 2025
Review application referred to action because material disputes of fact precluded resolution on affidavits.
Administrative law – review of publication by regulatory body – natural justice and right to be heard – defamation disguised as review – material disputes of fact – referral to action procedure where viva voce evidence required.
26 February 2025
Compliance with a default judgment (returning disputed property) barred later challenge and rendered the appeal moot; appeal dismissed with high costs.
Civil procedure – default judgment – acquiescence/peremption – compliance with judgment bars subsequent challenge; mootness/overtaken-by-events; rescission – wilful default and Order 30 requirements; costs – punitive award for mala fides.
26 February 2025
Applicant lacked real rights to cancel registered transfers; application dismissed and costs awarded on attorney‑client scale.
Deeds Registries Act s 8; cancellation of transfer; agreement of sale not constituting transfer of real rights; registration confers real rights; locus to seek cancellation; Takafuma v Takafuma; costs on attorney‑client scale; mala fides.
26 February 2025
Applicants failed to establish urgency; urgent application struck from the roll and costs awarded against them.
Urgent application — urgency requirement and inordinate delay — stay of execution — writ of execution and attachment — procedural points in limine (certificate of urgency, form of affidavit, defective draft relief).
26 February 2025
Trial court should query and not endorse a lesser charge when facts indicate a more serious road traffic offence.
Criminal law – Road Traffic Act – Distinction between negligent driving (s 52(2)) and reckless driving (s 53(2)) – Prosecutor as dominus litis – Trial court’s duty to query or insist on appropriate charges – Review and withholding of certificate where facts disclose more serious offence.
26 February 2025
A declaratory challenge to customs forfeiture is subject to s196(2) prescription and was dismissed as prescribed.
Customs & Excise Act s196(1)–(2) – prescription of civil proceedings – forfeiture as a cause of action – declaratory relief falls within "civil proceedings" – Ndlovu (Prescription Act) distinguished.
26 February 2025
25 February 2025
24 February 2025
Rescission refused: defendants failed to show good and sufficient cause, service and locus standi were proper, defences lacked bona fides.
Commercial Court rules — rescission of default judgment (r 14, r 15) — domicilium and service — bona fides of rescission applicant — prospects of success on the merits — cession and locus standi — suretyship/cession documents.
20 February 2025
Applicant failed to prove peaceful possession for mandament van spolie; application dismissed with costs.
Spoliation (mandament van spolie) – urgency – requirement of peaceful and undisturbed possession – onus on applicant – importance of consistent, corroborated evidence – Plascon-Evans rule – answering affidavit to meet destructive allegations.
20 February 2025
Interdict application struck off for failure to exhaust Environmental Management Act remedies before seeking court relief.
Environmental law – interdict – exhaustion of domestic remedies – Environmental Management Act (s10, s114, s136) – special grant for mining – Environmental Impact Assessment – premature application – strike off.
20 February 2025
The respondent cannot withhold a tax clearance certificate from the applicant during corporate rescue to enforce pre-rescue tax debts.
Insolvency law – corporate rescue moratorium (s126 Insolvency Act) – effect on enforcement of pre-rescue tax debts; Tax Clearance Certificates (s34C Revenue Authority Act) – conflict with insolvency regime; lex posterior derogat priori; binding effect of adopted corporate rescue plan (s144(4)); declaratory relief requirements; fiscal statute interpretation.
20 February 2025
The applicant entitled to a mandatory interdict compelling execution of a Supreme Court‑confirmed eviction; lower court lacked jurisdiction.
Eviction law; finality of Supreme Court orders; jurisdiction of inferior courts; duty of messenger of court; mandatory interdict requirements; lis pendens; standing and abuse of process.
20 February 2025
19 February 2025
19 February 2025
Where material factual disputes exist about alleged defamation by a regulator, the matter must proceed by action, not motion.
Administrative law/defamation — publication labeling developer as unregistered 'bogus' estate agent — material disputes of fact — motion inappropriate where viva voce evidence required — matter to proceed by action.
19 February 2025
19 February 2025
19 February 2025
Rescission of a default judgment restores status quo ante and revives title, entitling the transferee to eviction and holding-over damages.
Property law – title transfer and revival – effect of rescission of default judgment restoring status quo ante – Registrar’s endorsement under s 8 Deeds Registries Act – entitlement to eviction and holding-over damages – effect of default and striking out of defence – costs on legal practitioner and client scale.
19 February 2025
19 February 2025
Withdrawal of the underlying proceedings rendered the caveat application moot; the court removed the application from the roll, no costs.
Civil procedure – interim relief – registration of caveat – interlocutory relief ancillary to pending proceedings – withdrawal of underlying proceedings renders caveat application moot – removal from roll.
18 February 2025
Declarator that a signed offer constituted a valid contract; employer vicariously liable and specific performance granted.
Declaratory relief – validity of offer letter as contract – contract formation elements – specific performance – vicarious liability of employer for employee acts – unjust enrichment – payment constituted full consideration.
18 February 2025
Registered-owner eviction granted; respondent’s alleged contribution claims required a counterclaim and late evidence excluded.
Eviction – registered owner’s right to possession – customary marriage – termination – admissibility of late evidence in answering affidavit – improvement lien/unjust enrichment claims require counterclaim – notice of opposition is a shield not a sword.
18 February 2025
A stay ordered pending payment of taxed costs or resolution of a rescission application to protect access to justice.
Civil procedure — application to bar litigant for non-payment of taxed costs — discretion to stay proceedings — rescission of judgment pending — abuse of process and access to justice considerations — oral application to uplift bar permissible.
18 February 2025
Court upheld jurisdiction under the contract’s forum clause and dismissed respondent’s stay for security for costs for procedural non‑compliance.
Jurisdiction – forum selection clause – seller’s option to sue locally; Security for costs – Rule 75 High Court Rules 2021; Companies and Other Business Entities Act s63 – court’s discretion to order security from foreign plaintiffs; Procedural compliance and evidential burden required to obtain security for costs.
18 February 2025
18 February 2025
Possession and delivery evidence established ownership; attachment was irregular and tractor declared not executable.
Interpleader — proof of ownership of goods under attachment — delivery note and possession as evidence — presumption of ownership shifts onus to judgment creditors — allegations of collusion unproven — attachment irregular; property declared not executable.
18 February 2025
18 February 2025
Provisional sentence refused because the acknowledgement of debt was not a purely liquid document; agent removed as improper party.
Provisional sentence – acknowledgement of debt – liquidity – set-off and account reconciliation – bona fide dispute requiring trial – unilateral cessation of supply and fictional fulfilment – piercing corporate veil – misjoinder of agent.
17 February 2025
Respondent ordered to pay US$1,500 monthly maintenance pendente lite and US$10,000 toward the applicant’s legal costs.
Family law – maintenance pendente lite – court restores status quo ante; Contribution towards legal costs – parties’ means and nature/likely duration of litigation; High Court Rule 67(1).
17 February 2025
17 February 2025
Review under the Administrative Justice Act proceeded despite rule non-compliance; communal land allocation was set aside and restored to applicants.
Administrative law – Judicial review under Administrative Justice Act – Review not barred by non-compliance with High Court Rules r 62(4) – Interested private party cannot defend administrative decision – Late filing of heads of argument and absence of administrative opposition.
17 February 2025
High Court will not review a magistrate's refusal to discharge at State close absent exceptional circumstances causing grave injustice.
Criminal procedure — Review of unterminated magistrates' court proceedings — Discharge application at close of State case — High Court intervention sparing and only in rare cases of grave injustice or permanent prejudice; remedy ordinarily by appeal.
14 February 2025
Admissions establishing sudden emergency defeated insurer's liability; police conduct survived absolution except illegal income claim.
Civil procedure — Absolution from instance — prima facie case test; Motor delict — sudden emergency vs res ipsa loquitur; Causation — factual (causa sine qua non) and legal proximity; Vicarious liability of State for police actions; Illegality/public policy limiting recovery for income from unlawful vending.
14 February 2025
Registered collateral notices under s 8 are statutory liquid documents; provisional sentence appropriate when the liquid document is undisputed and defendant admits liability.
Provisional sentence — statutory liquid document — registered notice of security interest under Movable Property Security Act s 8; High Court Rules r 14 — notice of opposition and opposed roll; summary remedy where liquid document undisputed.
14 February 2025
A registered notice under the Movable Property Security Act is a statutory liquid document enforceable by provisional sentence; undisputed admissions permit summary judgment.
Movable Property Security Act – s 8 – registered notice as statutory liquid document enforceable by provisional sentence; Civil procedure – provisional sentence – r 14(7) notice of opposition converts to opposed application; provisional sentence as summary remedy – court may grant provisional judgment where liquid document is undisputed or defendant admits claim; options of defendant on set down date (admit, confirm signature, dispute).
14 February 2025
Constitutional claim dismissed as unripe; audit procedures and remedies lie in PFMA and Audit Office Act, not direct reliance on s309.
Constitutional avoidance and subsidiarity — Auditor-General’s functions — Section 309 Constitution vs PFMA and Audit Office Act — statutory remedies for audit timelines and publication — ripeness of constitutional claim.
14 February 2025
Postponement denied; absent plaintiff failed to prove incapacity, claim dismissed and attorney-and-client costs awarded.
Civil procedure – postponement – applicant must show full and satisfactory explanation; Evidence – he who alleges must prove; Rule 56(3) – judgment in default/absolution from instance; Rule 56C – procedure for virtual hearings not invoked; Contract law – specific performance unavailable where plaintiff has not performed and contract was cancelled; Costs – exceptional conduct warrants attorney-and-client costs.
14 February 2025
Court grants confiscation of the convicted person's property equivalent in value where tainted proceeds cannot be located.
Money Laundering Act s 78(2) – substitute/value-based confiscation – confiscation of untainted assets equivalent in value – s 50(2) six-month limitation inapplicable – requirement that substitute property belongs to the defendant.
14 February 2025
A s 14 declaratory claim over a US$2,000 shortfall lacked commercial significance and was struck off the Commercial Court roll.
Commercial Court jurisdiction; definition of "commercial dispute" (r 3(1)); monetary and substantive commercial significance; declaratory relief under s 14 vs. enforcement/procedural relief under court rules; divisional allocation under s 46A; requirement to demonstrate commercial significance for access to Commercial Division.
14 February 2025
An arbitration clause covering "any dispute" ousts court jurisdiction, even where an interim interdict is sought to preserve property.
Arbitration clause – contractual ouster of court jurisdiction – "any dispute" covers interim preservation relief – founding affidavit must disclose arbitration – enforcement of arbitration agreement.
14 February 2025
Sentence exceeding statutory maximum set aside; charge amended and lawful fine or short imprisonment imposed.
Criminal law – Sentencing – Sentence exceeding statutory maximum – Review – Amendment of charge where wrong section cited – Offence of allowing unmuzzled ferocious dog (section 46 and Third Schedule para 2(r)).
14 February 2025
Applicant granted US$6,000 contribution to legal costs in matrimonial suit under Rule 67 for lack of means and arguable claim.
Family law – Rule 67 contribution to legal costs – Matrimonial proceedings – Requirements: subsisting marriage; matrimonial suit; prospects of success; applicant's inability to fund litigation; spouse's ability to contribute – Financial disclosure – Value of indirect contributions to matrimonial property.
13 February 2025